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Batis maritima

L. (1759)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Brassicales Family: Bataceae Genus: Batis

‘ae‘ae mahu (Ni‘ihau via St. John), ‘ākulikuli kai [akulikuli kai], pickleweed

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small maritime shrubs 1–1.5 m tall.

Stems: Branches often (3)4(5)–angled.

Roots: Branches rooting at nodes and tips.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades succulent. Apex rounded to acuminate. Base sessile. Surfaces glabrous. Margins entire. Petiole absent. Stipules minute and caducous.

Flowers: Flowers in small, strobiloid, axillary or terminal spikes. Flowers unisexual; initially enclosed by a membranous saccate organ (perhaps calyx or bracteoles) that eventually splits into 2 or 4 lobes or only along 1 side; perianth parts 4, distinct (sometimes considered to be staminodes), absent in pistillate flowers. Tepals 4 or 5, distinct, white, equal. Stamens 4, alternate with the perianth; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits; gynoecium vestigial in staminate flowers. Ovary superior (pistilate flowers), 2-carpellate, 4-celled, the 2 primary cells each divided by a partition from the carpel midrib to the central axis, placentation parietal–basal; ovules one per cell, anatropous; stigmas 2, sessile.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; adapted to dispersal by flotation in saltwater. Seeds without endosperm and perisperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 18; 22

Habitat: Naturalized in coastal areas.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Notes

  • 1859 by Hillebrand in the salt marshes of prison island (Sand Island) near Honolulu, Oahu
  • Description digitized by Pumehana
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • dioecious

Bibliography

Name Published In: Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1380 (1759)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:382 (Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Batis maritima Coconut Island, Keehi Lagoon Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6150 Oahu BISH 1978-07-29
2 Batis maritima One House Island, Keehi Lagoon Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6162 Oahu BISH 1978-07-29
3 Batis maritima Mokauea Island, Keehi Lagoon Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6093 Oahu BISH 1978-04-30
4 Batis maritima Shack Island, Keehi Lagoon Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6174 Oahu BISH 1978-07-29
5 Batis maritima Queen's Beach off of Kalanianaole Hwy. (Hwy. 72) Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4806 Oahu BISH 1983-06-04
6 Batis maritima Honolulu, Kapiolani Park Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 5 Oahu BISH 1948-10-16
7 Batis maritima Keehi Lagoon, Kahakaaulana Island Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6078 Oahu BISH 1978-04-30
8 Batis maritima Kuapa Pond, Maunalua Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7057 Oahu BISH 1934-07-11
9 Batis maritima Keehi Lagoon, Mitigation Islands Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6043 Oahu BISH 1978-04-30
10 Batis maritima Motor Island, Keehi Lagoon Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6182 Oahu BISH 1978-07-29
11 Batis maritima NW Lanai, along Hwy. 44 near the beach Preserved_Specimen Spence, G. 350 Lanai BISH 1973-10-23
12 Batis maritima Honolulu, Salt Lake Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-02-18
13 Batis maritima Hanauma Bay, Sandy Beach, Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Nitta, K. 8919 Oahu BISH 1930-05-11
14 Batis maritima Fort Weaver Road Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Oahu BISH 1956-06-04
15 Batis maritima Ponds southern end Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
16 Batis maritima Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Brown, F.B.H. Oahu BISH 1924-09-01
17 Batis maritima Kealia Salt Marsh Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Maui BISH 1990-02-15
18 Batis maritima unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8425 BISH 1910-06-01
19 Batis maritima Koko Head crater to Makapuu beach Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. Oahu BISH 1945-06-26
20 Batis maritima East of Moku Htrhstioud in dsly mstdh. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8922 Molokai BISH 1928-06-26
21 Batis maritima unknown Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 118 BISH 1864-01-01
22 Batis maritima Kona, Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 3/28/2015
23 Batis maritima Near Smugglers' Cove, boat landing area Small patch. Preserved_Specimen Char, W.P. 78081 Kahoolawe BISH 1978-11-26
24 Batis maritima Kuapa Pond, Koko Head area, Moanalua Common all around the large Kuapa pond. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3216 Oahu BISH 1960-02-12
25 Batis maritima Koko Head Seashore. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 163 Oahu BISH 1930-02-28
26 Batis maritima Honolulu, along ala Moana Rd. Low ground Preserved_Specimen Eames, A.J. Oahu BISH 1938-06-05
27 Batis maritima Kahuku Slope=1%; Soil=sandy loam; marshy shorelines. Preserved_Specimen Sanchez, S. 7 Oahu BISH 1986-03-24
28 Batis maritima Honolulu waterfront Reclaimed tidal flats. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9985 Oahu BISH 1935-06-14
29 Batis maritima Waimea District: Salt pond Beach County Park, just W. of Hanapepe Ancient salt pans and littoral vegetation behind beach. Locally dominant around salt pans. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5238 Kauai BISH 1987-05-19
30 Batis maritima Maunalua District: Koko Head Sea shore. Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1933-03-25
31 Batis maritima Maunalua Along sea shore. Preserved_Specimen Chong, M. Oahu BISH 1933-03-25
32 Batis maritima Maunalua, Kuapa Fish Pond Seashore. Preserved_Specimen Inafuku, R. Oahu BISH 1931-04-27
33 Batis maritima Kona, N. of Kailua village On sand dunes near ocean. Preserved_Specimen Bryan, L.W. 4 Hawaii BISH 1957-06-18
34 Batis maritima Maui In salt marshes off Kihei Rd., 1 mile from junction w/Honoapilani Hwy. Found associated w/Atriplex, Ipomoea, and some Prosopis. Preserved_Specimen Ishikawa, S. 186 Maui BISH 1972-12-18
35 Batis maritima Pouhala Marsh, Waipahu, Oahu Growing in wet to dry red soil, in large masses. Preserved_Specimen Crago, L.M. 2005030 Oahu BISH 2005-01-24
36 Batis maritima Mokapu Peninsula, Ulupau Head Side and bottom of dry gully near sea. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 10907 Oahu BISH 1935-05-26
37 Batis maritima Honolulu In brackish water. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 102 Oahu BISH 1909-10-01
38 Batis maritima Halalii Lake Exsiccated bed of abundant on salty flat. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22734 Niihau BISH 1947-08-12
39 Batis maritima Honouliuli, Barbers Point Coral Plain north of Ewa Common at top of beach on sand and coral. Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 787 Oahu BISH 1948-02-04
40 Batis maritima Waimea District: Salt pond Beach County Park, just W. of Hanapepe Ancient salt pans and littoral vegetation behind beach.. Locally dominant around salt pans. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5239 Kauai BISH 1987-05-19
41 Batis maritima Honolulu, north of Ala Moana Park In sand dredged from Kewalo Basin. Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1937-05-25
42 Batis maritima Sand Island Growing along brackish water in a drainage ditch. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 521 Oahu BISH 1967-08-10
43 Batis maritima Sand islet at inner NW corner of triangle formed by seaplane runways, Keehi Lagoon Abundant in pure or mixed stands. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1956 Oahu BISH 1971-06-13
44 Batis maritima Honuaula Point Small, naturalized patch near Rhizophora. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28606 Lanai BISH 1963-07-24
45 Batis maritima Hanapepe, Salt Pan area Common along edge of salt pans. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5236 Kauai BISH 1975-02-26
46 Batis maritima Barbers Pt. Naval Air Station, safety zone at the end of the runway, southwest corner of Naval Air Station Near vegetation line at back of beach. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. Oahu BISH 1985-06-03
47 Batis maritima Popoia [Flat Island, off Kailua Beach Park] Restricted to a small patch at top of drop-off to east of beach +/- in mangrove area. Preserved_Specimen Palmer, D.D. 6326 Oahu BISH 1980-06-22
48 Batis maritima Kailua; Hamakua Marsh, mauka (mountainside) of Hamakua Drive Dominant species bordering open water zones; usually backed by Pluchea indica. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 928 Oahu BISH 1992-04-04
49 Batis maritima Kapapa, Oahu. On S side near ocean Small patch on south side near ocean. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5041816 Oahu BISH 2005-04-18
50 Batis maritima Hanauma Bay Beach Park Growing at highwater line on sandy beach. Preserved_Specimen van Royen, P. 10194 Oahu BISH 1967-12-10
51 Batis maritima Kuapa Pond, Maunalua Sea shore, dense stand. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10393 Oahu BISH 1930-02-28
52 Batis maritima Sandspit in front of Kuapa Pond between Kuliouou and Portlock Growing in sand just above high water mark. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 414 Oahu BISH 1967-04-05
53 Batis maritima James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge, Kahuku, Oahu Growing in highly turbid pond area, on wet soil and into water. Growing with Pluchea indica. Preserved_Specimen Crago, L.M. 2005047 Oahu BISH 2005-02-04
54 Batis maritima Honolulu, Kakaako Extremely common and naturalized along water front. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8921 Oahu BISH 1931-08-24
55 Batis maritima Kuapa Pond, Maunalua Sea shore; dense stand. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10393 Oahu BISH 1930-02-28
56 Batis maritima Heeia, Heeia Bridge Abundant on tidal flats. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 27132 Oahu BISH 1946-10-23
57 Batis maritima Lanai Estuary of gulch, on salt sands. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 18836 Lanai BISH 1938-04-13
58 Batis maritima Area behind Keawaula Beach, second drip in road In brackish water. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1977-09-30
59 Batis maritima Waimanalo Windy side of Oahu, sandy shore. Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. Oahu BISH 1945-06-04
60 Batis maritima Mokapu Peninsula, Ulupau Head Side and bottom of dry gully near sea. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 10907 Oahu BISH 1935-05-26
61 Batis maritima Kaunakakai, near beach Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5097 Molokai BISH 1974-11-11
62 Batis maritima Beach, near Koko Head Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 193 Oahu BISH 1931-04-27
63 Batis maritima Point Island, Keehi Lagoon Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6055 Oahu BISH 1978-04-30
64 Batis maritima Strand, Hanauma Bay Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1545 Oahu BISH 1964-06-25
65 Batis maritima Keehi Lagoon, Burm Island Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6067 Oahu BISH 1978-04-30
66 Batis maritima Keehi Lagoon, Mokauea Island Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6051 Oahu BISH 1978-04-30
67 Batis maritima Edge of Keehi Lagoon adjacent to Honolulu International Airport Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4800 Oahu BISH 1983-01-22
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